卡拉OK扰民噪声治理的研究

分析了卡拉OK扰民噪声的特点 ,通过现场实验和实测 ,研究了不同装修结构对房间隔声、隔振效果的影响     

A Bayesian hierarchical model for monitoring harbor seal changes in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Bayesian hierarchical models were used to assess trends of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, in Prince William Sound, Alaska, following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Data consisted of 4–10 replicate observations per year at 25 sites over 10 years. We had multiple objectives, including estimating the effects of covariates on seal counts, and estimating trend and abundance, both per site and overall. We considered a Bayesian hierarchical model to meet our objectives. The model consists of a Poisson regression model for each site. For each observation the logarithm of the mean of the Poisson distribution was a linear model with the following factors: (1) intercept for each site and year, (2) time of year, (3) time of day, (4) time relative to low tide, and (5) tide height. The intercept for each site was then given a linear trend model for year. As part of the hierarchical model, parameters for each site were given a prior distribution to summarize overall effects. Results showed that at most sites, (1) trend is down; counts decreased yearly, (2) counts decrease throughout August, (3) counts decrease throughout the day, (4) counts are at a maximum very near to low tide, and (5) counts decrease as the height of the low tide increases; however, there was considerable variation among sites. To get overall trend we used a weighted average of the trend at each site, where the weights depended on the overall abundance of a site. Results indicate a 3.3% decrease per year over the time period.     

PPH (potassium polyacrylate & hectorite) composite materials – A new fire accident emergency method for thermal protection of adjacent tanks

When a chemical tank fire happens in a storage area, it is very important to protect adjacent tanks so as to decrease fire accident losses. In this paper, a new thermal protection method was put forward based on a PPH (potassium polyacrylate & hectorite) thermal insulation composite material spraying on an adjacent tank under fire. Firstly, the PPH material was prepared successfully by a polymerization reaction of potassium acrylate, hectorite, NaHSO₃ and (NH₄)₂S₂O₈. Secondly, thermal insulation performance of the PPH material was characterized by heat transfer process at high incident heat flux using cone calorimeter. The results show that thermal insulation performance of the PPH material is affected by a content change of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈, NaHSO₃ and hectorite in formulations. The content of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ 0.14 wt%, NaHSO₃ 1.38 wt% and hectorite 1.4 wt% was an optimum formulation ratio to obtain best thermal insulation performance. Finally, possible thermal insulation mechanisms of the PPH material were presented using SEM, TG and TG-IR techniques. One of the thermal insulation mechanisms is the incident heat flux absorbed by water evaporation from the PPH material. Another is the thermal protection of the char formed from the PPH material at high incident thermal radiation, which can prevent heat and mass transfer.     

Parallel and Serial Methods of Calculating Thermal Insulation in European Manikin Standards

Abstract

Standard No. EN 15831:2004 provides 2 methods of calculating insulation: parallel and serial. The parallel method is similar to the global one defined in Standard No. ISO 9920:2007. Standards No. EN 342:2004, EN 14058:2004 and EN 13537:2002 refer to the methods defined in Standard No. EN ISO 15831:2004 for testing cold protective clothing or equipment. However, it is necessary to consider several issues, e.g., referring to measuring human subjects, when using the serial method. With one zone, there is no serial-parallel issue as the results are the same, while more zones increase the difference in insulation value between the methods. If insulation is evenly distributed, differences between the serial and parallel method are relatively small and proportional. However, with more insulation layers overlapping in heavy cold protective ensembles, the serial method produces higher insulation values than the parallel one and human studies. Therefore, the parallel method is recommended for standard testing.     

Developing a Regional Open Space Strategy (ROSS) for Central Puget Sound,Washington State,USA

Ecosystem services provided by the landscapes of regions and cities are critical to human and environmental health, quality of life, environmental justice, biodiversity and climate mitigation and adaptation. In the Pacific Northwest region of the US, a team led by the University of Washington Green Futures Lab is working to identify, conserve and enhance regionally-significant landscapes and to evaluate their contributions as ecosystem or “open space” services. This paper outlines the goals and planning methods of the ongoing Regional Open Space Strategy for Central Puget Sound (ROSS) project, and the frameworks and processes being developed to evaluate ecosystem and open space services in order to inform and influence local and regional governance structures and decisions.     

鞍山城市声环境现状及控制对策

利用功能区噪声环境监测资料,计算分析了鞍山市区声环境现状。结果表明：2012在鞍山市区,各功能区噪声超出国家标准,对声环境的影响以社会生活噪声和交通噪声以及鞍钢生产所产生的工业噪声为主。结合鞍山市实际情况提出了一系列监管、治理、防范等措施减少噪声污染。     

KH550改性SiO2气凝胶及其掺杂对砂浆性能的研究

目的提高SiO_2气凝胶颗粒与砂浆的相容性,降低砂浆的导热系数。方法以质量分数为5%的KH550硅烷偶联剂为改性剂,先对SiO_2气凝胶颗粒进行表面改性,并以改性后的SiO_2气凝胶颗粒为替换骨料,采用等体积替换法制备SiO_2气凝胶砂浆,再用SEM、XRD、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和接触角测量仪对原材料性能和砂浆的微观形貌进行表征,并研究不同替换比例的SiO_2气凝胶颗粒对砂浆密度、力学性能、收缩性能以及导热系数等性能的影响。结果采用KH-550硅烷偶联剂对SiO_2气凝胶进行表面改性,改性后的SiO_2气凝胶能够稳定地镶嵌于砂浆中,与无机胶凝材料的结合较为紧密,填补了砂浆中的孔洞,使得砂浆内部结构更为均匀,形成较为稳定的复合体系;随着SiO_2气凝胶颗粒替换比例的增大,SiO_2气凝胶砂浆的密度、力学性能以及导热系数逐渐降低,收缩率逐渐变大,当替换率达到60%时,密度由最初的2014.1 kg/m3降至1231.4 kg/m3,28天抗压和抗折强度分别降至2.15 MPa和0.45 MPa、导热系数值从0.6039 W/(m·K)降至0.1524W/(m·K),自收缩率增大到2729×10-6。结论从使用性能、材料成本、以及保温性能等方面综合考虑,当替换比例为50%时,为最优体积掺量,此时,其密度、抗压和抗折强度、自收缩率以及导热系数分别为1387.1kg/m3,8.3 MPa和2.23 MPa,1928×10-6,0.2248 W/(m·K)。     

气凝胶消防服概念研究

对现役消防服的隔热材质和使用性能,以及气凝胶作为新型纳米隔热材料在服装方面的应用现状进行了分析。根据初步对比讨论了SiO2气凝胶复合材料用于消防服的可行性,得出以下结论：在同样的热防护性能前提下,采用SiO2气凝胶复合材料可使消防服重量及厚度降低70％以上。     

新型消防员隔热防护服外层面料结构及加工

本文描述了一种新型消防员隔热防护服的外层面料。面料的结构由铝箔、聚酯膜和基布组成。通过对铝箔复合、涂胶等加工方法的摸索试验,试制了新型消防员隔热防护服的外层面料。     

服装面积因子的测评

利用暖体假人测定服装热阻时,考虑到着装后服装外表面积变大导致的边界空气层变化对服装的基本或固有热阻的影响,需引入服装面积因子的概念。本文首先阐述了服装面积因子的定义和应用：接着从直接法和间接法两大方法归纳现有测评服装面积因子的研究：最后对服装面积因子与热阻间的关系做了详细论述。